Allergies are a response of the body’s immune system to a substance that is generally considered safe for most people. These substances, known as allergens, can trigger an immune response in certain individuals, leading to a range of symptoms that can vary in severity. Allergies can be caused by various things, such as certain foods, medications, chemicals, pesticides, odors, environmental factors like the weather, pollen or dust, and animal dander.
A few common allergens are:
- Agarbatti
- Mosquito repellant
- Dust in beddings
- Pollen
- Fungus on wet walls
- Ripening agents in fruits and vegetables
- Pesticides
Common foods that cause allergies:
[Please note: only 15% of all allergies are food related, which is mainly caused by pesticides and ripening agents.]
- Seafood
- Eggs
- Peanuts
- Milk
- Chocolate
- Brinjal
- Banana
Fun fact:
During the first six months of an infant’s life, they are less likely to develop allergies or infections, as they are not yet exposed to allergens. It is only after six months, they fall ill due to an increase in exposure to allergies and germs, it is during the same time that they are exposed to food as well. Therefore, parents may attribute allergies to food consumption but this however is a myth.
What are Histamine and its role?
Histamine is a chemical that your immune system releases when it detects an allergen or something else that it thinks is a threat. It causes your blood vessels to widen and become more permeable, which helps your immune system send white blood cells and other defenses to the site of the allergen.
When people with allergies encounter an allergen, like pollen or dust, their immune system overreacts and produces too much histamine, causing an exaggerated inflammatory response. This can result in symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, hives, or in severe cases, anaphylaxis.
Antihistamine medications work by blocking the effects of histamine in the body, which reduces the severity of allergy symptoms. These medications can help relieve symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose.
Symptoms of an allergic reaction
- Sneezing
- Itching
- Hives
- Swelling
- Difficulty breathing
- Severe cases of Anaphylaxis
It’s essential to see a doctor immediately if you experience difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, or severe swelling.
Prevention is the best way to deal with allergies. The following are some effective prevention methods for various allergens.
Allergies can be a source of discomfort and can even lead to severe health complications. Prevention is the best way to deal with allergies. To this end, it is important to understand and take preventive measures against various allergens. For instance, dust mites are common allergens, and it is recommended to frequently deep clean mattresses, blankets, pillows, and carpets to minimize their presence. Interestingly, sunlight is an effective dust mite killer, and exposing items to sunlight before vacuuming can reduce the number of dust mites. Smoking is another common allergen, and it is advisable to avoid smoking indoors to minimize the exposure of others to smoke. Additionally, cooking can release allergenic spices into the air, and using an exhaust fan or chimney stack can minimize this risk. Perfumes can also cause allergies, and it is recommended to use them in areas with good airflow like your balcony. Mosquito repellents should be used for no more than 2 hours, and hair should be washed regularly, especially for children who tend to sweat more than adults (Wash your child’s hair every day for children below 5 years and 2-3 times a week for children after 5 years). Fungal molds emit millions of spores that can cause allergies, and keeping walls dry and clean can minimize this risk. Avoiding exposure to pollen, bird feathers and feces, animal dander, hay, and specific foods, can also be effective preventive measures.
In some cases, home remedies and over-the-counter medications may not be sufficient in treating allergies. It’s crucial to seek medical care if the allergy symptoms are severe or last for a prolonged period. Allergy testing may also be necessary to identify the specific allergen causing the symptoms.
- Eye allergies: Protect your child’s eyes from dust by covering them or wiping them with a warm cloth. You can also use artificial tear drops containing methylcellulose to lubricate the eyes.
- Skin allergies: Keep the skin moisturized and apply emollients or oils frequently to prevent dry and itchy patches.
- Nasal allergies: Steam inhalations and saline nose drops can be used to ease nasal congestion and relieve allergic rhinitis symptoms.
- Throat allergies: Gargle with warm water and swallow to cleanse the throat and alleviate itching or irritation.
- Lung allergies: Drinking plenty of water and using steam inhalations can help loosen mucus in the lungs and ease coughing and wheezing associated with allergies.
It’s important to note that while these home remedies can provide relief for mild allergy symptoms, they may not be sufficient for severe or prolonged symptoms. In such cases, it’s best to seek medical attention.
Common medications for allergies
Common OTC Antihistamines: These medications work by blocking the effects of histamine, which reduces allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and a runny nose.
When to see a doctor?
- If allergy symptoms persist for more than three days of self-medication or home remedies, seek medical attention.
- In serious cases such as midnight coughing, difficulty breathing, foul breath, high fever, or coughing out green-colored mucus, it is advisable to visit a doctor as soon as possible.
Treatment options:
- Specialists usually recommend the same medication or a similar composition of medications in every visit unless there are specific indications for a second line of treatment.
- It is advisable to follow up with your doctor every time, as doctors usually know when to start the second line of treatment.
- Allergens can be identified through blood tests, desensitization, skin prick tests, and more.
When to discuss recurring allergies with a doctor?
- If your child requires an antihistamine for three days continuously for a period of three weeks, it is advisable to talk with a doctor.
It is important to seek medical attention for allergies, especially if they persist or worsen. Doctors can help identify the cause of the allergy and provide appropriate treatment options.
Conclusion
Allergies are a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Anything under the sun can cause allergies. Symptoms of allergies can range from mild to severe and can impact the quality of life. Allergies can be caused by various factors, including environmental factors, food, and medications. Fortunately, several medications and home remedies can help relieve allergy symptoms. It’s essential to seek medical attention if the allergy symptoms persist or worsen, or if they interfere with daily activities or sleep. By taking preventive measures such as avoiding allergens, maintaining good hygiene practices, and seeking medical attention when needed, individuals can manage their allergies and improve their quality of life.